The Data Mining Of Finance - 2031 Words

Data Mining in Finance 1. Introduction Data mining is used to uncover hidden knowledge and patterns from a large amount of data. In finance, there is enormous data which generates during business operations and trading activities. Extracting valuable data from them manually might be unable or spend a lot of time. As a result, data mining plays an importance role of discovering data that can be used to increase profits and evaluate risks of strategic planning and investment. The data mining methods in finance are derived from statistics, machine learning, and visualization. The most commonly used methods are Decision Trees, Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithms, and Rough Set Analysis (Hajizadeh, et al., 2010). Due to prediction and†¦show more content†¦Prior forecasting method is the prediction based on the growth rate of fundamental factors such as earning-per-share, book value, and invested capital. Another common method for forecasting is time series analysis. The traditional analysis uses regression models to d iscover market trends. However, financial time series are complex, noisy, and nonlinear pattern. As a result, later techniques have applied artificial intelligences; the most popular technique is neural networks (Zhang Zhou, 2004). According to Refenes’s experiment (1994), the back-propagation networks, a type of neural network, predicts more accurately than regression models on the same datasets. Other techniques are ARMA and ARIMA model, genetic algorithm, and random walk. Pai and Lin (2005) introduces the A hybrid model ARIMA and support vector machine which give better result than single ARIMA. Edward Tsang et al. (1998) proposes EDDIE, a tool which constructs a genetic decision tree to evaluate whether a stock price increases in a specified time. Jar-Long and Shu-Hui (2006) proposes a two-layer bias decision tree with simple technical indicators. Typically, the input variables of prediction models are daily price, volume, rate of change, and technical indicators, for example, moving average (MA), relative strength index (RSI), and volatility (Vol). 2.2 Foreign exchange market Foreign exchange market opens 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. It is the

Essay on How Romanticism Changed Societys Way of Thinking

To understand how Romanticism changed the way society thought, you must first understand the meanings and reason behind the movement. The Romantic Movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries was described as a movement in the history of culture, an aesthetic style, and an attitude of mind. (Fiero) Romanticism provided expression of their thoughts and ideas toward their own societies, which was in effect predominantly in Europe and in the United States. The movement was a reaction to the Enlightenment which provided strict ideology and rationalism. The Church had much to do with the Enlightenment seeing as if religion and the importance of God were incorporated into most aspects of their culture. Thus, Romanticism was a response to†¦show more content†¦Literature helped describe the movement of Romanticism because Romantics embraced nature, so they exalted the creative individual in the person of the hero. (Fiero) Much like the hero’s from stories of the past, the Romantic hero was an epic character with an awesome amount of ambition and determination. Unlike the fictional hero’s of the past that defended the traditions and moral values of a society, the Romantic hero might challenge to seek or reform them. (Fiero) The purpose the Romantic hero served was to give people ambition and inspiration. Romantics, such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, gave readers a sense of optimism to their readers. Rousseau proclaimed, â€Å"For us, to exist is to feel†. (Fiero) This theory essentially means that people use their emotions to develop their own opinions, or state of mind. The spirit of the heroic self was anticipated in Rousseau’s declaration: â€Å"I am made unlike anyone I have ever met; I will even venture to say that I am like no one in the whole world. I may be no better, but at least I am different.† (Fiero) With these proclamations, Rousseau and other Romantics embrace others to feel what they feel which is a sense ofShow MoreRelatedRealism Versus Romanticism in Huck Finn4082 Words   |  17 PagesAmer. Lit. amp; Comp./3 17 December 2009 Huck Rejects Romanticism In every man’s life he faces a time that defines his maturation from boyhood to manhood. This usually comes from a struggle that the boy faces in his life. In Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck’s defining moment of maturity is Huck’s struggle with Tom in helping Jim escape. Tom sends Huck and Jim through a wild adventure to free Jim because of his Romantic thinking. Tom represents society and its Romantic ideals whileRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth And The Creation Of The Romantic Movement1524 Words   |  7 Pagesto the International Journal of English Language, Literature and Humanities, Wordsworth explained his writing style saying â€Å"The majority of the following poems are to be considered as experiments. They were written chiefly with a view to ascertain how far the language of conversation in the middle and lower classes of society is adapted to the purpose of poetic pleasure† (Trivedi). Lyrical Ballads made the move away fr om the preceding Neoclassical poetry with fancy language and strict form that emphasizedRead MoreThe Romantic Movement1322 Words   |  5 Pagesimagination was the crucial way of thinking. They often depicted their heroes in their novels as â€Å"creative artists† that are determined to push beyond society’s restrictions and ways of life. Mary Shelley was similar to these writers of such concepts and had incorporated many of these principles in her own novel, Frankenstein. She was apprehensive about the healing powers of nature in the face of unnatural events, the use of one’s knowledge for good or evil intentions, the way the uneducated or poor wereRead MoreRomanticism and Modernism as Strange Bedfellows: A Fresh Look at Jack Kerouacs On the Road12240 Words   |  49 Pagesï » ¿ Romanticism and Modernism as Strange Bedfellows: A Fresh Look of Jack Kerouac’s On the Road Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive, But to be young was very Heaven! O time In which the meagre, stale, forbidding ways Of custom, law and statute, took at once The attraction of a Country in Romance! The Prelude—William Wordsworth (Come in under the shadow of this rock), And I will show you something different from either Your shadow at morning striding behind you Or your shadow at eveningRead MoreFemale Empowerment in Kate Chopins The Awakening7915 Words   |  32 Pagesbreak through the preset image society has adapted for women. Consequently, examining the author’s style and looking at the imagery and symbolism she uses is necessary. Edna’s suicide as the last scene of the novel has been analyzed in many different ways and therefore conclusively dealing with her suicide raises the question of whether the novel substantiates or undermines female empowerment. 2. The French – Creole Society in Louisiana The French-Creole society in which Edna Pontellier lived andRead MoreTaking a Look at the Bauhaus Movement3007 Words   |  12 Pagesarchitecture and geometric design, could be jointed and manufactured. The Bauhaus movement stresses â€Å"truth to materials† as the main idea, which means that material ought to be used in its most suitable and â€Å"honest† form, and its nature mustn’t be changed. While Bauhaus has influences in art, commerce and technology, it has been most instrumental in modern-day furniture design. Overall, the Bauhaus movement bridged the gap amid art, industry, design and functionality. When thirty-six-year-old WalterRead MoreUtopi A Colony Of Human Virtue And Happiness3490 Words   |  14 Pages56). These examples and many more found throughout the book are meant to enhance the impression of unity among the citizens not only physically but intellectually. The same values, morals, and ideals upheld by all Utopians are the source for this society’s cohesion; however, the means by which the population obtained their consistent ideology is a mystery while reinforcement and punishment for individual behavior is left unsaid. Without proper regulation, which is absent in this novel, the likelihood

Legal Aspect of Contract Free Essays

If organizations want to become more innovative and productive by encouraging and rewarding their workforce to share, collaborate and build collective intelligence they must do more than grant permission for people to build relationships and share their experience inside and outside the organization. They must take incentives for this new way of working into their policies, management systems and training programs. As I’ve discussed elsewhere (â€Å"Social Business 101? ), becoming a social business is much more about changing culture than it is about technology or tools. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Aspect of Contract or any similar topic only for you Order Now And changing human behavior or organizational habits is among the tallest of orders. Right now, many businesses don’t have the kind of social (business) contract with workers they need, and may even be discouraging sharing. Some companies forbid or restrict external social sharing, largely because they don’t have the systems, controls or guidelines to make these efforts constructive rather than the productivity drain they may perceive them to be. And most aren’t set up to measure and reward how well individual workers or teams share internally, cooperate or contribute to organizational intelligence and expertise development. Contract law †¢General rules about contracts †¢Warranties implied in building contracts †¢Breach of contract by the builder scenario †¢Breaches by the subcontractor †¢Liability of the builder Print page Email page link Having a contract with the people you engage to build your house or do other work around your home is extremely important. Some general rules about contracts and what to do if there is a breach. General rules about contracts There are some general rules about contracts which are legally understood and apply to any type of contract. The important thing about any contract, whether it is to buy a section or engage a designer or tradesperson, is to enter into a proper agreement that covers all the possible aspects of the arrangement and that you get it in writing. Legally, contracts relating to the sale of land, disposition of any interest in land (including leases) and charges or mortgages over land, must be in writing and signed by the parties to the contract. Warranties implied in building contracts In the Building Act 2004, certain warranties are implied in all building contracts, whether specified in the contract or not. These include the expectation that the work will be done competently and using suitable materials. Breach of contract by the builder scenario Suppose your builder has substituted cheaper wallboard than that stipulated in the specifications, without getting a variation [define] signed by you, as required in the contract. This is a breach of contract. What can you do about it? In reality, there are almost always differences between products and by substituting the wallboard the builder is essentially making a design decision and any responsibility the designer has for the performance of the wallboard passes to the builder. So, if you are not happy with its final ‘fitness for purpose’ you could apply to the Courts for an award of damages. If you have already paid the builder, you could sue for the difference in cost, or for the cost of ripping out and replacing the substituted wallboard. You must be able to satisfy the Court that you have suffered loss and you will be required to quantify that loss. If you haven’t yet paid you will be in a stronger position. You could refuse to pay the difference between the cost of the wallboard you asked for and the savings the builder made by using a cheaper product. Or you could negotiate for the builder to replace the wallboard before you pay up. Breaches by the subcontractor What happens when you think a subcontractor, say the roofer, has done a poor job? You should approach the main contractor, usually the builder. This is essentially a breach of the builder’s contract with you. Don’t go directly to the subcontractor. If things aren’t fixed to your satisfaction you could sue the builder who could, in turn, sue the roofer for breach of their contract. What happens if your main contractor has gone into liquidation? Can you seek redress from the roofer directly? There is no contract between you and the roofer, so you can’t take action for breach of contract. But you may be able to sue for negligence. And you may be able to take action under the Consumer Guarantees Act. To be successful in a claim for negligence you would have to prove that the roofer owed you a duty of care to do the work to a satisfactory standard, which they breached, and as a consequence you suffered some loss (which was not too remote). For example, you may have needed to pay someone else to fix the problems. Whether the subcontractor does owe you a duty of care depends on the facts which will be decided by the Court. Liability of the builder The liability of the builder was discussed in the Courts in the case of Riddell v Porteous (1999). The Riddells built a house hiring a builder, Mr Porteous, under a labour-only contract. The Riddells later sold the house to the Bagleys who discovered rot in the deck due to leaking. It was found that the deck had not been built according to the building permit. The Bagleys sued the Riddells for the expense of fixing the problem. The Riddells sued the builder for breach of his contractual obligation to build the house in compliance with the permit and fit for its intended purpose. The Riddells also sued the council for negligence in not carrying out the final inspection. The Court held that the builder was in breach of his contractual obligations to the Riddels, therefore Mr Porteous was liable for the cost of the remedial work that the Bagleys were claiming from the Riddells. He was entirely in charge of the building contract despite the fact he was being paid on a labour-only basis. In relation to the council, the Court held the council was liable to the Riddells for negligence in not carrying out the final inspection. How to cite Legal Aspect of Contract, Essay examples

Internet of Things Security-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the different application area Internet of Things is applied, the problems which are being faced and the potential solutions for the problems being faced. Answer: Introduction Internet of Things is a concept of device with the ability to collect information from the world using sensors and applications and sharing them across the internet where there are devices to process the collected data and utilize it when needed. The use of it devices has recently seen a rise in production (Gubbi et al. 2013). Internet of Things security is an area of concern related to the safeguarding of tee device connected to the network. It involves the prevalence of objects or things to provide them with unique identifiers and the ability to automatically transmit the data using a network. The Internet of Things communication comprises of the embedded sensors, energy grids, home appliances and wearable smart devices. The report further discusses about the different application area Internet of Things is applied, the problems, which are being faced, and the potential solutions for the problems being faced. Overview of Internet of Things Using Internet of Things in the common world has several benefits. The devices can be used to receive warning to the users phone and to detect danger from the nearby-analyzed data. Using the technology in automobiles can cause them to park automatically using sensors to look out for nearby cars. Tracking of shipments can be done easily using electronic tags attached to the parcel (Tao et al. 2014). Tacking the habits and health of the user can detect any disease or can be used to send out SOS signals during time of danger. Internet of Things devices can also be used in business world to locate inventory shipments, save fuel by using intelligent driving routes and mechanisms and to improve safety for the workers in hazardous areas. Figure 1: A graph showing the different Internet of Things (Source: Theconnectivist-img.s3.amazonaws, 2017) All home appliances can be changed to become compatible with the Internet of Things devices. Internet of Things devices uses Wi-Fi or has an inbuilt wireless connectivity software to connect to the internet. However, these devices are becoming the sensation of every household and user there is a small drawback in them. They lack in security protocol, which is a major risk factor for any individual using an Internet of Things device (Xu et al. 2014). Due to the new rise in the technology, the developers are going into competition to produce the device at a cheap price and to gain the confidence of the consumers. This factor makes the main feature of device security to neglect during production. Application The term Internet of Things has become a wide spread description of billions of devices which are using sensory reception to stay connected to each other using the internet (Xu, Wendt and Potkonjak 2014). The range of Internet of Things devices is large. They include wearable devices, to medical devices and even devices to control automobiles and factories. The main drawback is that the users think that the devices they are using are safe, but they lack the security feature, which should have been present. There has been a lot of research done in order to see ton what extent does it require to hack the Internet of Things devices. These can be taken control by hackers and be used in harmful ways to harm the user. As the devices falling under the category of Internet of Things devices are small and use the sensory and embedded system, they cannot be secured using the steps used to secure a personal computer (Zhang et al. 2014). Keeping aside the security issues, which may arise, a few of the applications of Internet of Things Security are given below: Internet of Things network security: This application is used to secure the connection, which is used to connect the Internet of Things devices to the internet. If the devices cannot be secured easily then by securing the network they are connected to can help a little in securing the Internet of Things devices (Zhang, Cho and Shieh 2015). Internet of Things Authentication: There should be an ability to implement the use of authentication of an Internet of Things device. There can be usage of a simple pin number to using static passwords to authenticate the device. Additional security can be added by using biometric and digital certificates of the devices being used. However, the method of using an authentication process is for a human to enter the pin or password into the device to gain access, but in the use of Internet of Things devices, they are all machine to machine connected. There are no human interaction in between (Minoli, Sohraby and Kouns 2017). Internet of Things encryption: Encryption of information stored on the device and the ones being transmitted should be encrypted using proper methods. Even if the devices can get hacked the hacker will be able to find encrypted information on the devices. The information will require a lot of time before it can be decrypted, till then the information will be of no use to the hacker. Internet of Things security analysis of data: Collecting the information from the Internet of Things devices can be used to do analytical data manipulation to understand the range of data being dealt with. The information gathered can be used to develop machine-learning programs and to be added to the collection of big data. Internet of Things security analysts will now be required to detect the kind of attack the devices will face (Riahi et al. 2013). Internet of Things API security: Using procedures during the transmission of information between the Internet of Things devices should be authenticated and authorized. API security measures should be used to provide integrity to the data being collected and transferred. Security Problems Information security should always be given top priority in case of electronics devices. There hackers who are capable of extracting information from any type of devices. There is a large area of application of the Internet of Things devices due to its implementation scope and procedures. Though there are benefits to all kinds of technology, drawbacks follow them closely (Sivaraman et al. 2015). Drawbacks of Internet of Things can be divided into two parts: security issues and hardware security issues. They are discussed below: Security Issues: Security data encryption: There is a huge collection of data from Internet of Things applications. Retrieving of data and processing the collected information is an essential part of all Internet of Things applications. Most of the information is personal data 0f the user thus it needs to be encrypted before saving them. Data authentication: After the encryption of the information collected, there can still be a chance that the device has been hacked from the inside. In this case, there needs to be the implementation of data authentication from the source it is coming from. All commands coming to the device should have authentication keys before executing the device (Sfar et al. 2017). Side channel issues: Apart from the above two problems there is always a side channel which can be violated on the device. If the hacker can get access to the time, temperature controller of the device they can violate the device using the side channel. Hardware Security Issues: Range of devices: range of working of the Internet of Things devices should be determined correctly before implementing the application. Capacity and latency: capacity and latency of all Internet of Things devices should be increased which increases the efficiency of working of the devices.Manufacturability test: Testing the device once the device has been manufactured to ensure the devices work as to its specifications (Medwed 2016). Figure 2: The Gartner hype cycle in 2011 showing the Internet of Things on the top (Source: Iotsecurityfoundation.org, 2017) There are many different vendors and developers of the Internet of Things devices, which cause no single platform usage. Different developers use different platforms to implement their devices. This has made no single platform to stand out in the crowd (Cai et al. 2017). Due to such lack of security measures in the device, there is a high chance that the device can be hacked at any time without the user even knowing about it. This is of huge risk. Cars and health devices using Internet of Things once if it is hacked can cause death like situations. The hacker can implement the device to work in any kind of situation and stop the device from working (Pacheco and Hariri 2016). Security Solutions Internet of Things technologies are still new to the market (Aman, Chua and Sikdar 2016). There needs to be vigorous testing of security and hardware that needs to be done on the devices before saying that they are reliable for the consumers to use. Before working on any device there should be thorough research done on the topic to point out what are the drawbacks, which needs to be addressed. This would help the developers to assess the amount of work that needs to be done on the device before releasing it to the consumers. Threats should be assessed correctly as the devices are cheap thus the developers pay small attention to the point of security. This should not be the suitable process of development of electronic devices, which are targeted for storing personal information and can be easily hacked. Security should be the top most priority during the designing of any device (Tuna et al. 2017). The developers can follow the following to ensure that they can produce a secured devic e for the consumers: There should be an encrypted digital certificate, which would authorize the device when it is first powered up. The software, which has the correct authentication certificate, will only be able to access the device when it has been installed (Wurm et al. 2016). To limit the use of the device components there should be access controls installed into the system. They should also be kept at certain limit of usage. The resources should not be allowed to be used by the application to its full limit. Only the minimum amount of limitations should be allowed for thee resources. The device once connected to the internet should authenticate itself using a certificate before they start transmitting and receiving the data from the internet. There should be firewall installed on the device to have the ability to monitor the packets, which are being transmitted and received over the internet (Li and Da Xu 2017). Updates and patches of the softwares should be delivered to the device without using excessive resources, which might compromise the safety of the device. To implement the best security measure the developers can design interoperable and standard security system, which not only stops hacking of the device but also records the hacking attempt on the device. The developers of the system should have periodic routine software updates sent to the Internet of Things devices to patch up the security measures of the device. Using encrypted methods for the use of data transmission should be implemented into the devices. This would help the device to keep the device safe from data theft (Li, Tryfonas and Li 2016). Conclusion To conclude this report it can be said that the use of Internet of Things security should be the top priority for the organizations specializing in the Internet of Things devices. Discussion about the different applications of the security measures which the producers can use to apply security to the Internet of Things devices shows that even if the devices lack the security measures there can be security addition to the various methods the devices are connected to the other devices. The report also discusses about the different problems and the possible solutions, which can be used by the organizations to counter, measure them. Avoiding the problems and to provide the best possible measure should be the top most priority of the organizations providing Internet of Things devices. The developers should assess the security blind spots of the use of Internet of Things. The devices are not being used at such a large scale due to the lack in security measure and due to certain legal issue , which pertain to the fact of sharing personal information over the internet. References Aman, M.N., Chua, K.C. and Sikdar, B., 2016, May. Position Paper: Physical Unclonable Functions for IoT Security. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on IoT Privacy, Trust, and Security (pp. 10-13). ACM. Cai, H., Yun, T., Hester, J. and Venkatasubramanian, K.K., 2017, June. Deploying Data-Driven Security Solutions on Resource-Constrained Wearable IoT Systems. In Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW), 2017 IEEE 37th International Conference on (pp. 199-204). IEEE. Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S. and Palaniswami, M., 2013. Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future generation computer systems, 29(7), pp.1645-1660. Iotsecurityfoundation.org. (2017). Reporting front row from the IoT Security Foundation launch IoT Security Foundation. [online] Available at: https://iotsecurityfoundation.org/reporting-front-row-from-the-iot-security-foundation-launch/ [Accessed 15 Aug. 2017]. Li, S. and Da Xu, L., 2017. Security in Enabling Technologies. Securing the Internet of Things, p.109. Li, S., Tryfonas, T. and Li, H., 2016. The internet of things: a security point of view. Internet Research, 26(2), pp.337-359. Medwed, M., 2016, October. Iot security challenges and ways forward. In Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Trustworthy Embedded Devices (pp. 55-55). ACM. Minoli, D., Sohraby, K. and Kouns, J., 2017, January. IoT security (IoTSec) considerations, requirements, and architectures. In Consumer Communications Networking Conference (CCNC), 2017 14th IEEE Annual(pp. 1006-1007). IEEE. Pacheco, J. and Hariri, S., 2016, September. IoT security framework for smart cyber infrastructures. In Foundations and Applications of Self* Systems, IEEE International Workshops on (pp. 242-247). IEEE. Riahi, A., Challal, Y., Natalizio, E., Chtourou, Z. and Bouabdallah, A., 2013, May. A systemic approach for IoT security. In Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), 2013 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 351-355). IEEE. Sfar, A., Chtourou, Z., Natalizio, E. and Challal, Y., 2017. A systemic and cognitive vision for IoT security: a case study of military live simulation and security challenges. In International Conference on Smart, Monitored and Controlled Cities SM2C17. Sivaraman, V., Gharakheili, H.H., Vishwanath, A., Boreli, R. and Mehani, O., 2015, October. Network-level security and privacy control for smart-home IoT devices. In Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on (pp. 163-167). IEEE. Tao, F., Zuo, Y., Da Xu, L. and Zhang, L., 2014. IoT-based intelligent perception and access of manufacturing resource toward cloud manufacturing. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 10(2), pp.1547-1557. Theconnectivist-img.s3.amazonaws (2017). Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Theconnectivist-img.s3.amazonaws.com. Available at: https://theconnectivist-img.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Unknown.png [Accessed 15 Aug. 2017]. Tuna, G., Kogias, D.G., Gungor, V.C., Gezer, C., Ta?k?n, E. and Ayday, E., 2017. A survey on information security threats and solutions for Machine to Machine (M2M) communications. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 109, pp.142-154. Wurm, J., Hoang, K., Arias, O., Sadeghi, A.R. and Jin, Y., 2016, January. Security analysis on consumer and industrial iot devices. In Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC), 2016 21st Asia and South Pacific (pp. 519-524). IEEE. Xu, B., Da Xu, L., Cai, H., Xie, C., Hu, J. and Bu, F., 2014. Ubiquitous data accessing method in IoT-based information system for emergency medical services. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 10(2), pp.1578-1586. Xu, T., Wendt, J.B. and Potkonjak, M., 2014, November. Security of IoT systems: Design challenges and opportunities. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (pp. 417-423). IEEE Press. Zhang, Z.K., Cho, M.C.Y. and Shieh, S., 2015, April. Emerging security threats and countermeasures in IoT. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security (pp. 1-6). ACM. Zhang, Z.K., Cho, M.C.Y., Wang, C.W., Hsu, C.W., Chen, C.K. and Shieh, S., 2014, November. IoT security: ongoing challenges and research opportunities. In Service-Oriented Computing and Applications (SOCA), 2014 IEEE 7th International Conference on (pp. 230-234). IEEE.