The Data Mining Of Finance - 2031 Words

Data Mining in Finance 1. Introduction Data mining is used to uncover hidden knowledge and patterns from a large amount of data. In finance, there is enormous data which generates during business operations and trading activities. Extracting valuable data from them manually might be unable or spend a lot of time. As a result, data mining plays an importance role of discovering data that can be used to increase profits and evaluate risks of strategic planning and investment. The data mining methods in finance are derived from statistics, machine learning, and visualization. The most commonly used methods are Decision Trees, Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithms, and Rough Set Analysis (Hajizadeh, et al., 2010). Due to prediction and†¦show more content†¦Prior forecasting method is the prediction based on the growth rate of fundamental factors such as earning-per-share, book value, and invested capital. Another common method for forecasting is time series analysis. The traditional analysis uses regression models to d iscover market trends. However, financial time series are complex, noisy, and nonlinear pattern. As a result, later techniques have applied artificial intelligences; the most popular technique is neural networks (Zhang Zhou, 2004). According to Refenes’s experiment (1994), the back-propagation networks, a type of neural network, predicts more accurately than regression models on the same datasets. Other techniques are ARMA and ARIMA model, genetic algorithm, and random walk. Pai and Lin (2005) introduces the A hybrid model ARIMA and support vector machine which give better result than single ARIMA. Edward Tsang et al. (1998) proposes EDDIE, a tool which constructs a genetic decision tree to evaluate whether a stock price increases in a specified time. Jar-Long and Shu-Hui (2006) proposes a two-layer bias decision tree with simple technical indicators. Typically, the input variables of prediction models are daily price, volume, rate of change, and technical indicators, for example, moving average (MA), relative strength index (RSI), and volatility (Vol). 2.2 Foreign exchange market Foreign exchange market opens 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. It is the

Essay on How Romanticism Changed Societys Way of Thinking

To understand how Romanticism changed the way society thought, you must first understand the meanings and reason behind the movement. The Romantic Movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries was described as a movement in the history of culture, an aesthetic style, and an attitude of mind. (Fiero) Romanticism provided expression of their thoughts and ideas toward their own societies, which was in effect predominantly in Europe and in the United States. The movement was a reaction to the Enlightenment which provided strict ideology and rationalism. The Church had much to do with the Enlightenment seeing as if religion and the importance of God were incorporated into most aspects of their culture. Thus, Romanticism was a response to†¦show more content†¦Literature helped describe the movement of Romanticism because Romantics embraced nature, so they exalted the creative individual in the person of the hero. (Fiero) Much like the hero’s from stories of the past, the Romantic hero was an epic character with an awesome amount of ambition and determination. Unlike the fictional hero’s of the past that defended the traditions and moral values of a society, the Romantic hero might challenge to seek or reform them. (Fiero) The purpose the Romantic hero served was to give people ambition and inspiration. Romantics, such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, gave readers a sense of optimism to their readers. Rousseau proclaimed, â€Å"For us, to exist is to feel†. (Fiero) This theory essentially means that people use their emotions to develop their own opinions, or state of mind. The spirit of the heroic self was anticipated in Rousseau’s declaration: â€Å"I am made unlike anyone I have ever met; I will even venture to say that I am like no one in the whole world. I may be no better, but at least I am different.† (Fiero) With these proclamations, Rousseau and other Romantics embrace others to feel what they feel which is a sense ofShow MoreRelatedRealism Versus Romanticism in Huck Finn4082 Words   |  17 PagesAmer. Lit. amp; Comp./3 17 December 2009 Huck Rejects Romanticism In every man’s life he faces a time that defines his maturation from boyhood to manhood. This usually comes from a struggle that the boy faces in his life. In Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck’s defining moment of maturity is Huck’s struggle with Tom in helping Jim escape. Tom sends Huck and Jim through a wild adventure to free Jim because of his Romantic thinking. Tom represents society and its Romantic ideals whileRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth And The Creation Of The Romantic Movement1524 Words   |  7 Pagesto the International Journal of English Language, Literature and Humanities, Wordsworth explained his writing style saying â€Å"The majority of the following poems are to be considered as experiments. They were written chiefly with a view to ascertain how far the language of conversation in the middle and lower classes of society is adapted to the purpose of poetic pleasure† (Trivedi). Lyrical Ballads made the move away fr om the preceding Neoclassical poetry with fancy language and strict form that emphasizedRead MoreThe Romantic Movement1322 Words   |  5 Pagesimagination was the crucial way of thinking. They often depicted their heroes in their novels as â€Å"creative artists† that are determined to push beyond society’s restrictions and ways of life. Mary Shelley was similar to these writers of such concepts and had incorporated many of these principles in her own novel, Frankenstein. She was apprehensive about the healing powers of nature in the face of unnatural events, the use of one’s knowledge for good or evil intentions, the way the uneducated or poor wereRead MoreRomanticism and Modernism as Strange Bedfellows: A Fresh Look at Jack Kerouacs On the Road12240 Words   |  49 Pagesï » ¿ Romanticism and Modernism as Strange Bedfellows: A Fresh Look of Jack Kerouac’s On the Road Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive, But to be young was very Heaven! O time In which the meagre, stale, forbidding ways Of custom, law and statute, took at once The attraction of a Country in Romance! The Prelude—William Wordsworth (Come in under the shadow of this rock), And I will show you something different from either Your shadow at morning striding behind you Or your shadow at eveningRead MoreFemale Empowerment in Kate Chopins The Awakening7915 Words   |  32 Pagesbreak through the preset image society has adapted for women. Consequently, examining the author’s style and looking at the imagery and symbolism she uses is necessary. Edna’s suicide as the last scene of the novel has been analyzed in many different ways and therefore conclusively dealing with her suicide raises the question of whether the novel substantiates or undermines female empowerment. 2. The French – Creole Society in Louisiana The French-Creole society in which Edna Pontellier lived andRead MoreTaking a Look at the Bauhaus Movement3007 Words   |  12 Pagesarchitecture and geometric design, could be jointed and manufactured. The Bauhaus movement stresses â€Å"truth to materials† as the main idea, which means that material ought to be used in its most suitable and â€Å"honest† form, and its nature mustn’t be changed. While Bauhaus has influences in art, commerce and technology, it has been most instrumental in modern-day furniture design. Overall, the Bauhaus movement bridged the gap amid art, industry, design and functionality. When thirty-six-year-old WalterRead MoreUtopi A Colony Of Human Virtue And Happiness3490 Words   |  14 Pages56). These examples and many more found throughout the book are meant to enhance the impression of unity among the citizens not only physically but intellectually. The same values, morals, and ideals upheld by all Utopians are the source for this society’s cohesion; however, the means by which the population obtained their consistent ideology is a mystery while reinforcement and punishment for individual behavior is left unsaid. Without proper regulation, which is absent in this novel, the likelihood

Legal Aspect of Contract Free Essays

If organizations want to become more innovative and productive by encouraging and rewarding their workforce to share, collaborate and build collective intelligence they must do more than grant permission for people to build relationships and share their experience inside and outside the organization. They must take incentives for this new way of working into their policies, management systems and training programs. As I’ve discussed elsewhere (â€Å"Social Business 101? ), becoming a social business is much more about changing culture than it is about technology or tools. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Aspect of Contract or any similar topic only for you Order Now And changing human behavior or organizational habits is among the tallest of orders. Right now, many businesses don’t have the kind of social (business) contract with workers they need, and may even be discouraging sharing. Some companies forbid or restrict external social sharing, largely because they don’t have the systems, controls or guidelines to make these efforts constructive rather than the productivity drain they may perceive them to be. And most aren’t set up to measure and reward how well individual workers or teams share internally, cooperate or contribute to organizational intelligence and expertise development. Contract law †¢General rules about contracts †¢Warranties implied in building contracts †¢Breach of contract by the builder scenario †¢Breaches by the subcontractor †¢Liability of the builder Print page Email page link Having a contract with the people you engage to build your house or do other work around your home is extremely important. Some general rules about contracts and what to do if there is a breach. General rules about contracts There are some general rules about contracts which are legally understood and apply to any type of contract. The important thing about any contract, whether it is to buy a section or engage a designer or tradesperson, is to enter into a proper agreement that covers all the possible aspects of the arrangement and that you get it in writing. Legally, contracts relating to the sale of land, disposition of any interest in land (including leases) and charges or mortgages over land, must be in writing and signed by the parties to the contract. Warranties implied in building contracts In the Building Act 2004, certain warranties are implied in all building contracts, whether specified in the contract or not. These include the expectation that the work will be done competently and using suitable materials. Breach of contract by the builder scenario Suppose your builder has substituted cheaper wallboard than that stipulated in the specifications, without getting a variation [define] signed by you, as required in the contract. This is a breach of contract. What can you do about it? In reality, there are almost always differences between products and by substituting the wallboard the builder is essentially making a design decision and any responsibility the designer has for the performance of the wallboard passes to the builder. So, if you are not happy with its final ‘fitness for purpose’ you could apply to the Courts for an award of damages. If you have already paid the builder, you could sue for the difference in cost, or for the cost of ripping out and replacing the substituted wallboard. You must be able to satisfy the Court that you have suffered loss and you will be required to quantify that loss. If you haven’t yet paid you will be in a stronger position. You could refuse to pay the difference between the cost of the wallboard you asked for and the savings the builder made by using a cheaper product. Or you could negotiate for the builder to replace the wallboard before you pay up. Breaches by the subcontractor What happens when you think a subcontractor, say the roofer, has done a poor job? You should approach the main contractor, usually the builder. This is essentially a breach of the builder’s contract with you. Don’t go directly to the subcontractor. If things aren’t fixed to your satisfaction you could sue the builder who could, in turn, sue the roofer for breach of their contract. What happens if your main contractor has gone into liquidation? Can you seek redress from the roofer directly? There is no contract between you and the roofer, so you can’t take action for breach of contract. But you may be able to sue for negligence. And you may be able to take action under the Consumer Guarantees Act. To be successful in a claim for negligence you would have to prove that the roofer owed you a duty of care to do the work to a satisfactory standard, which they breached, and as a consequence you suffered some loss (which was not too remote). For example, you may have needed to pay someone else to fix the problems. Whether the subcontractor does owe you a duty of care depends on the facts which will be decided by the Court. Liability of the builder The liability of the builder was discussed in the Courts in the case of Riddell v Porteous (1999). The Riddells built a house hiring a builder, Mr Porteous, under a labour-only contract. The Riddells later sold the house to the Bagleys who discovered rot in the deck due to leaking. It was found that the deck had not been built according to the building permit. The Bagleys sued the Riddells for the expense of fixing the problem. The Riddells sued the builder for breach of his contractual obligation to build the house in compliance with the permit and fit for its intended purpose. The Riddells also sued the council for negligence in not carrying out the final inspection. The Court held that the builder was in breach of his contractual obligations to the Riddels, therefore Mr Porteous was liable for the cost of the remedial work that the Bagleys were claiming from the Riddells. He was entirely in charge of the building contract despite the fact he was being paid on a labour-only basis. In relation to the council, the Court held the council was liable to the Riddells for negligence in not carrying out the final inspection. How to cite Legal Aspect of Contract, Essay examples

Internet of Things Security-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the different application area Internet of Things is applied, the problems which are being faced and the potential solutions for the problems being faced. Answer: Introduction Internet of Things is a concept of device with the ability to collect information from the world using sensors and applications and sharing them across the internet where there are devices to process the collected data and utilize it when needed. The use of it devices has recently seen a rise in production (Gubbi et al. 2013). Internet of Things security is an area of concern related to the safeguarding of tee device connected to the network. It involves the prevalence of objects or things to provide them with unique identifiers and the ability to automatically transmit the data using a network. The Internet of Things communication comprises of the embedded sensors, energy grids, home appliances and wearable smart devices. The report further discusses about the different application area Internet of Things is applied, the problems, which are being faced, and the potential solutions for the problems being faced. Overview of Internet of Things Using Internet of Things in the common world has several benefits. The devices can be used to receive warning to the users phone and to detect danger from the nearby-analyzed data. Using the technology in automobiles can cause them to park automatically using sensors to look out for nearby cars. Tracking of shipments can be done easily using electronic tags attached to the parcel (Tao et al. 2014). Tacking the habits and health of the user can detect any disease or can be used to send out SOS signals during time of danger. Internet of Things devices can also be used in business world to locate inventory shipments, save fuel by using intelligent driving routes and mechanisms and to improve safety for the workers in hazardous areas. Figure 1: A graph showing the different Internet of Things (Source: Theconnectivist-img.s3.amazonaws, 2017) All home appliances can be changed to become compatible with the Internet of Things devices. Internet of Things devices uses Wi-Fi or has an inbuilt wireless connectivity software to connect to the internet. However, these devices are becoming the sensation of every household and user there is a small drawback in them. They lack in security protocol, which is a major risk factor for any individual using an Internet of Things device (Xu et al. 2014). Due to the new rise in the technology, the developers are going into competition to produce the device at a cheap price and to gain the confidence of the consumers. This factor makes the main feature of device security to neglect during production. Application The term Internet of Things has become a wide spread description of billions of devices which are using sensory reception to stay connected to each other using the internet (Xu, Wendt and Potkonjak 2014). The range of Internet of Things devices is large. They include wearable devices, to medical devices and even devices to control automobiles and factories. The main drawback is that the users think that the devices they are using are safe, but they lack the security feature, which should have been present. There has been a lot of research done in order to see ton what extent does it require to hack the Internet of Things devices. These can be taken control by hackers and be used in harmful ways to harm the user. As the devices falling under the category of Internet of Things devices are small and use the sensory and embedded system, they cannot be secured using the steps used to secure a personal computer (Zhang et al. 2014). Keeping aside the security issues, which may arise, a few of the applications of Internet of Things Security are given below: Internet of Things network security: This application is used to secure the connection, which is used to connect the Internet of Things devices to the internet. If the devices cannot be secured easily then by securing the network they are connected to can help a little in securing the Internet of Things devices (Zhang, Cho and Shieh 2015). Internet of Things Authentication: There should be an ability to implement the use of authentication of an Internet of Things device. There can be usage of a simple pin number to using static passwords to authenticate the device. Additional security can be added by using biometric and digital certificates of the devices being used. However, the method of using an authentication process is for a human to enter the pin or password into the device to gain access, but in the use of Internet of Things devices, they are all machine to machine connected. There are no human interaction in between (Minoli, Sohraby and Kouns 2017). Internet of Things encryption: Encryption of information stored on the device and the ones being transmitted should be encrypted using proper methods. Even if the devices can get hacked the hacker will be able to find encrypted information on the devices. The information will require a lot of time before it can be decrypted, till then the information will be of no use to the hacker. Internet of Things security analysis of data: Collecting the information from the Internet of Things devices can be used to do analytical data manipulation to understand the range of data being dealt with. The information gathered can be used to develop machine-learning programs and to be added to the collection of big data. Internet of Things security analysts will now be required to detect the kind of attack the devices will face (Riahi et al. 2013). Internet of Things API security: Using procedures during the transmission of information between the Internet of Things devices should be authenticated and authorized. API security measures should be used to provide integrity to the data being collected and transferred. Security Problems Information security should always be given top priority in case of electronics devices. There hackers who are capable of extracting information from any type of devices. There is a large area of application of the Internet of Things devices due to its implementation scope and procedures. Though there are benefits to all kinds of technology, drawbacks follow them closely (Sivaraman et al. 2015). Drawbacks of Internet of Things can be divided into two parts: security issues and hardware security issues. They are discussed below: Security Issues: Security data encryption: There is a huge collection of data from Internet of Things applications. Retrieving of data and processing the collected information is an essential part of all Internet of Things applications. Most of the information is personal data 0f the user thus it needs to be encrypted before saving them. Data authentication: After the encryption of the information collected, there can still be a chance that the device has been hacked from the inside. In this case, there needs to be the implementation of data authentication from the source it is coming from. All commands coming to the device should have authentication keys before executing the device (Sfar et al. 2017). Side channel issues: Apart from the above two problems there is always a side channel which can be violated on the device. If the hacker can get access to the time, temperature controller of the device they can violate the device using the side channel. Hardware Security Issues: Range of devices: range of working of the Internet of Things devices should be determined correctly before implementing the application. Capacity and latency: capacity and latency of all Internet of Things devices should be increased which increases the efficiency of working of the devices.Manufacturability test: Testing the device once the device has been manufactured to ensure the devices work as to its specifications (Medwed 2016). Figure 2: The Gartner hype cycle in 2011 showing the Internet of Things on the top (Source: Iotsecurityfoundation.org, 2017) There are many different vendors and developers of the Internet of Things devices, which cause no single platform usage. Different developers use different platforms to implement their devices. This has made no single platform to stand out in the crowd (Cai et al. 2017). Due to such lack of security measures in the device, there is a high chance that the device can be hacked at any time without the user even knowing about it. This is of huge risk. Cars and health devices using Internet of Things once if it is hacked can cause death like situations. The hacker can implement the device to work in any kind of situation and stop the device from working (Pacheco and Hariri 2016). Security Solutions Internet of Things technologies are still new to the market (Aman, Chua and Sikdar 2016). There needs to be vigorous testing of security and hardware that needs to be done on the devices before saying that they are reliable for the consumers to use. Before working on any device there should be thorough research done on the topic to point out what are the drawbacks, which needs to be addressed. This would help the developers to assess the amount of work that needs to be done on the device before releasing it to the consumers. Threats should be assessed correctly as the devices are cheap thus the developers pay small attention to the point of security. This should not be the suitable process of development of electronic devices, which are targeted for storing personal information and can be easily hacked. Security should be the top most priority during the designing of any device (Tuna et al. 2017). The developers can follow the following to ensure that they can produce a secured devic e for the consumers: There should be an encrypted digital certificate, which would authorize the device when it is first powered up. The software, which has the correct authentication certificate, will only be able to access the device when it has been installed (Wurm et al. 2016). To limit the use of the device components there should be access controls installed into the system. They should also be kept at certain limit of usage. The resources should not be allowed to be used by the application to its full limit. Only the minimum amount of limitations should be allowed for thee resources. The device once connected to the internet should authenticate itself using a certificate before they start transmitting and receiving the data from the internet. There should be firewall installed on the device to have the ability to monitor the packets, which are being transmitted and received over the internet (Li and Da Xu 2017). Updates and patches of the softwares should be delivered to the device without using excessive resources, which might compromise the safety of the device. To implement the best security measure the developers can design interoperable and standard security system, which not only stops hacking of the device but also records the hacking attempt on the device. The developers of the system should have periodic routine software updates sent to the Internet of Things devices to patch up the security measures of the device. Using encrypted methods for the use of data transmission should be implemented into the devices. This would help the device to keep the device safe from data theft (Li, Tryfonas and Li 2016). Conclusion To conclude this report it can be said that the use of Internet of Things security should be the top priority for the organizations specializing in the Internet of Things devices. Discussion about the different applications of the security measures which the producers can use to apply security to the Internet of Things devices shows that even if the devices lack the security measures there can be security addition to the various methods the devices are connected to the other devices. The report also discusses about the different problems and the possible solutions, which can be used by the organizations to counter, measure them. Avoiding the problems and to provide the best possible measure should be the top most priority of the organizations providing Internet of Things devices. The developers should assess the security blind spots of the use of Internet of Things. The devices are not being used at such a large scale due to the lack in security measure and due to certain legal issue , which pertain to the fact of sharing personal information over the internet. References Aman, M.N., Chua, K.C. and Sikdar, B., 2016, May. Position Paper: Physical Unclonable Functions for IoT Security. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on IoT Privacy, Trust, and Security (pp. 10-13). ACM. Cai, H., Yun, T., Hester, J. and Venkatasubramanian, K.K., 2017, June. Deploying Data-Driven Security Solutions on Resource-Constrained Wearable IoT Systems. In Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW), 2017 IEEE 37th International Conference on (pp. 199-204). IEEE. Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S. and Palaniswami, M., 2013. Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future generation computer systems, 29(7), pp.1645-1660. Iotsecurityfoundation.org. (2017). Reporting front row from the IoT Security Foundation launch IoT Security Foundation. [online] Available at: https://iotsecurityfoundation.org/reporting-front-row-from-the-iot-security-foundation-launch/ [Accessed 15 Aug. 2017]. Li, S. and Da Xu, L., 2017. Security in Enabling Technologies. Securing the Internet of Things, p.109. Li, S., Tryfonas, T. and Li, H., 2016. The internet of things: a security point of view. Internet Research, 26(2), pp.337-359. Medwed, M., 2016, October. Iot security challenges and ways forward. In Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Trustworthy Embedded Devices (pp. 55-55). ACM. Minoli, D., Sohraby, K. and Kouns, J., 2017, January. IoT security (IoTSec) considerations, requirements, and architectures. In Consumer Communications Networking Conference (CCNC), 2017 14th IEEE Annual(pp. 1006-1007). IEEE. Pacheco, J. and Hariri, S., 2016, September. IoT security framework for smart cyber infrastructures. In Foundations and Applications of Self* Systems, IEEE International Workshops on (pp. 242-247). IEEE. Riahi, A., Challal, Y., Natalizio, E., Chtourou, Z. and Bouabdallah, A., 2013, May. A systemic approach for IoT security. In Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), 2013 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 351-355). IEEE. Sfar, A., Chtourou, Z., Natalizio, E. and Challal, Y., 2017. A systemic and cognitive vision for IoT security: a case study of military live simulation and security challenges. In International Conference on Smart, Monitored and Controlled Cities SM2C17. Sivaraman, V., Gharakheili, H.H., Vishwanath, A., Boreli, R. and Mehani, O., 2015, October. Network-level security and privacy control for smart-home IoT devices. In Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on (pp. 163-167). IEEE. Tao, F., Zuo, Y., Da Xu, L. and Zhang, L., 2014. IoT-based intelligent perception and access of manufacturing resource toward cloud manufacturing. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 10(2), pp.1547-1557. Theconnectivist-img.s3.amazonaws (2017). Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Theconnectivist-img.s3.amazonaws.com. Available at: https://theconnectivist-img.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Unknown.png [Accessed 15 Aug. 2017]. Tuna, G., Kogias, D.G., Gungor, V.C., Gezer, C., Ta?k?n, E. and Ayday, E., 2017. A survey on information security threats and solutions for Machine to Machine (M2M) communications. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 109, pp.142-154. Wurm, J., Hoang, K., Arias, O., Sadeghi, A.R. and Jin, Y., 2016, January. Security analysis on consumer and industrial iot devices. In Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC), 2016 21st Asia and South Pacific (pp. 519-524). IEEE. Xu, B., Da Xu, L., Cai, H., Xie, C., Hu, J. and Bu, F., 2014. Ubiquitous data accessing method in IoT-based information system for emergency medical services. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 10(2), pp.1578-1586. Xu, T., Wendt, J.B. and Potkonjak, M., 2014, November. Security of IoT systems: Design challenges and opportunities. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (pp. 417-423). IEEE Press. Zhang, Z.K., Cho, M.C.Y. and Shieh, S., 2015, April. Emerging security threats and countermeasures in IoT. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security (pp. 1-6). ACM. Zhang, Z.K., Cho, M.C.Y., Wang, C.W., Hsu, C.W., Chen, C.K. and Shieh, S., 2014, November. IoT security: ongoing challenges and research opportunities. In Service-Oriented Computing and Applications (SOCA), 2014 IEEE 7th International Conference on (pp. 230-234). IEEE.

Lawsuit about Gas Delivery

Definition and Examples of Conceptual Blending

Definition and Examples of Conceptual Blending Conceptual blending refers to a set of cognitive operations for combining (or blending) words, images, and ideas in a network of mental spaces to create meaning. The theory of conceptual blending was brought to prominence by Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner in The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and the Minds Hidden Complexities (Basic Books, 2002). Fauconnier and Turner define conceptual blending as a deep cognitive activity that makes new meanings out of old. Examples and Observations Conceptual Blending Theory assumes that meaning construction involves the selective integration or blending of conceptual elements and employs the theoretical construct of conceptual integration networks to account for this process. For example, the process of understanding the sentence In the end, VHS delivered a knock-out punch to Betamax would involve a basic network consisting of four mental spaces . . .. This includes two input spaces (one relating to boxing and another to the competition between rival video formats in the 1970s and 1980s). A generic space represents what is common to the two input spaces. Elements from the input spaces are mapped to each other and projected selectively into the blended space, to derive an integrated conceptualization where the video formats are seen as being engaged in a boxing match, which VHS eventually wins.Blending Theory can be seen as a development of Mental Space Theory, and it is also influenced by Conceptual Metaphor Theory. However, u nlike the latter, Blending Theory focuses specifically on the dynamic construction of meaning.(M. Lynne Murphy and Anu Koskela, Key Terms in Semantics. Continuum, 2010) To monitor public opinion, and to sway it, Time Warner had, in November, launched a campaign called Roll Over or Get Tough, which asked customers to visit a Web site of the same name and vote on whether Time Warner should give in to their demand for massive price increases or keep holding the line. Eight hundred thousand people had done so. (Ninety-five percent of them thought that Time Warner should Get Tough.)Mark Turner, a professor of cognitive science at Case Western Reserve, explained that Time Warner’s use of the forced-choice device was wise from the standpoint of behavioral economics. In order to make choices, people need their options narrowed in advance.Turner saw other cognitive precepts at work in the Roll Over campaign. He explained, The purpose of the ad is to try to get you off your duff and realize, Hey, the situation around me is changing, and I better take action. And the campaign’s militaristic echoes, You’re either with us or against us, inco rporated, Turner said, a technique called blending, in which a rhetorician exploits what is already in people’s minds. Everybody’s got terrorism on the brain, so if you can have a little hint of that issue in your advertising about cable service: great!, he said.(Lauren Collins, King Kong vs. Godzilla. The New Yorker, January 11, 2010) [B]lending theory can address the meaning of construction in metaphorical expressions that do not employ conventionalized mapping schemes. For example, the italicized portion of this excerpt from an interview with philosopher Daniel Dennet involves a metaphorical blend, Theres not a thing thats magical about the computer. One of the most brilliant things about a computer is that theres nothing up its sleeve, (Edge 94, November 19, 2001). The input domains here are Computers and Magicians, and the blend involves a hybrid model in which the computer is a magician. However, the connection between these two domains arises purely from the context of this example, as there is no conventional COMPUTERS ARE MAGICIANS mapping in English.(Seana Coulson, Conceptual Blending in Thought, Rhetoric, and Ideology. Cognitive Linguistics: Current Applications And Future Perspectives, ed. by Gitte Kristiansen, Michel Achard, Renà © Dirven, and Francisco J. Ruiz de Mendoza Ibà ±ez. Mouton de Gruyter, 2006) Blending Theory and Conceptual Metaphor Theory Similarly to conceptual metaphor theory, blending theory elucidates structural and regular principles of human cognition as well as pragmatic phenomena. However, there are also some noteworthy differences between the two theories. While blending theory has always been more oriented toward real-life examples, conceptual metaphor theory had to come of age before it was put to the test with data-driven approaches. A further difference between the two theories is that blending theory focuses more on the decoding of creative examples, whereas conceptual metaphor theory is well known for its interest in conventional examples and mappings, i.e. in what is stored in peoples minds. But again, the difference is one of degree and not an absolute one. Blending processes can be routinized and stored if their outcome proves to be useful on more than one occasion. And conceptual metaphor theory is able to explain and accommodate novel figurative linguistic expressions as long as they are compatible with the more general metaphorical makeup of the human mind. Another, perhaps somewhat less important difference lies in the fact that while from the start conceptual blending has pointed to the importance of metonymic construals and thinking for cognitive processes, the conceptual metaphor paradigm has long underestimated the role of metonymy.(Sandra Handl and Hans-Jà ¶rg Schmid, Introduction. Windows to the Mind: Metaphor, Metonymy, and Conceptual Blending. Mouton de Gruyter, 2011)

Legal Advise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Legal Advise - Essay Example MSO  §113(1) hereinafter â€Å"HFCRA†). The question is whether this provision applies here. If it does, then the provision would be regarded as ineffective, therefore void. The analysis of this would begin by analyzing the parties. The parties to the construction contract are Strummer Construction Ltd. and Clampdown Developments, Inc. Celtic Tiger Bank is financing the project, but is not a party to the contract, therefore would be considered to be a third person. Yet, Celtic Tiger Bank is essentially running the show, as their officers would be the individuals who must approve extensions, variations more than ?25,000, loss and expense determinations. If their officers do not approve this, then the party requesting any of the above would not get paid, and the extension of time would not be approved. Therefore, this clause may be invoked, as the CTB is the contract administrator, and is not a third party, and they dictate as to whether or not money will change hands. Moreove r, they are not insolvent, so this clause may hold water. CTB is a third person, yet they are creating the conditions by which both parties must abide. But is this amendment â€Å"A provision making payment under a construction contract conditional on the payer receiving payment from a third person?† Clampdown Developments is the party who is in charge of making payments to Strummer. If Strummer does not comply, then the payments would not be made from CTB to Clampdown Developments, and this, in turn, would cause Clampdown Developments to not make payments to Strummer. The architect was the one who was issuing the offending variations, and, as a result, CTB has refused to pay monies to Clampdown, and, in turn, Clampdown has not paid Strummer. So, it seems that the payment from Clampdown to Strummer is, in fact, conditional upon Clampdown receiving payment from CTB, who is a third person, and that these payments are conditional upon CTB approving them. Therefore, there is the possibility, if a court can interpret this clause in such a way, that the clause would be ineffective. Another issue is whether or not there was even a contract formed anymore, because this Bill of Quantities in effect substantially changed the contract that the parties had already formed. This would be considered to be a counteroffer, which effectively cancels the original offer (Hyde v. Wrench [1840] EWHC Ch J90). However, this situation is similar to that in the landmark case Butler Machine Tool Co. Ltd. v. Ex-Cell-O Corp. Ltd. [1977] EWCA Civ. 9. This is the case that established that, in a battle of forms, the form that was accepted last would the one that controls. Certainly the parties accepted the additional terms, as they performed without objection to the terms. Therefore, Butler controls, and the last form, which is the one that contained the amendment, is the one that formed the contract. So, the amendment would be a part of the contract, if there were not the issue of t he privity of contract and

Iran In Country Brief on their Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Iran In Country Brief on their Economy - Essay Example The Iran spending budget is $482 billion (Polk 2011, p. 20). This is direct tied to oil prices per barrel. Later in the presentation, Iran’s strong reliance on oil is directly related to their international relations policy. In addition to petroleum another prominent Western perspective on Iran is its strong embrace of religious principles. In many ways these perspectives, in economic terms, have a degree of truth. In this way it’s estimated that as much as 30% of government spending goes towards religious organizations (Polk 2011, p. 20). The exact government spending breakdown is recognized as follows: In terms of specific government spending policies, the reported breakdown of Iranian spending is 59% on social policies, 17% on economic matters, 15% on national defense, and 3% on agriculture (Polk 2011, p. 19). Within this spending contains the 30% that goes towards religious groups There are a number of historical considerations that must be examined when considering the Iranian economy. The picture featured on the slide you see is Ayatollah Khomeini; this is the individual that took over with the 1978 Revolution. Prior to 1979 Iran’s economic expansion occurred at a robust pace. With the 1978 Iranian Revolution, however, there was a stark decline in economic growth. Following the Revolution the government increasingly focused on economic independence and an increased quality of life for Iranian inhabitants (Polk 2011, p. 32). Still, while Iran’s oppositional stance to the United States is commonly attributed to its economic shortcomings, it’s also recognized that the country has faced considerable other challenges. Between 1980 and 2000 the Iranian economy nearly doubled. This increase in population resulted in food-shortages that greatly impacted the economic structure (Polk 2011, p. 24). Another major economic setback occurred in 1980 with the Iran-Iraq war. Indeed, the picture featured above is of a tank with oil flames

Germans that you hold to be true and admire Essay

Germans that you hold to be true and admire - Essay Example All they want is clear and overt expression of the underlying feel that makes them say what they want. Americans are not much different either. Americans also feel comfortable making direct and straightforward speech. Both Germans and Americans prefer direct and meaningful expression, and both are quite straightforward in general. Germans are truthful in their speech. The confidence that reflects in their straightforwardness originates in their truthfulness. If they commit to someone, they do so by heart and mean it. They are not double faced people, unlike most of the people belonging to other nations. Their words are meaningful because Germans are very dutiful. Most Americans are also dutiful, though there is also a significant population in America that does not fulfill its commitments to others in various matters of daily life. Germans do not waste time. According to Germans, if a job is done correctly but has not been done within the assigned time, this goes against the work eth ics. German work ethics place huge emphasis on punctuality, and so do the Americans. Works cited: â€Å"Truth and Duty.† Culture Smart! Germany. pp. 41-42.

Procurement Strategy For Jh Private Hospital Construction Essay

Procurement Strategy For Jh Private Hospital Construction Essay In regards to this Im glad to inform you that I will be going though with report of procurement strategies. I will also analyse each strategy and show a list of advantages and disadvantages of each type with recommendations and in summary come with the most suitable method to satisfy requirements vis-ÃÆ'Â  -vis the key client requirements. I will try to make the report recommendations as clear to understand as possible and reasons for disregarding alternative methods again regarding the clients brief. Thank you very much for contacting me i currently have no issues for further clarification The traditional method has been used in the construction industry for many years. It one of the most used methods of procurement and has two main features. Firstly each stage is separate with no overlap between the design and construction phases. Secondly all of the drawings, schedules and quantities must be given by the client before contractor can start tendering process for carrying out any work (jctltd.co.uk/traditional-procurement). Pros One advantage of the traditional procurement method is that the cost of the project is usually known before the construction is started therefore reducing any finance issues. A contractual commitment on price gives the client more pieces of mind and greater security when applying for finance. Pricing is competitive for contractors. As the design is finished before the build this generally means the design is well documented and therefore has better clarity for the construction stage. Low risk in project allocation. (Procurement_SingleStageTendering_Nov08) Cons With the traditional procurement method design and construction are separate processes this means that the time on the particular project will be vastly greater than that of other jobs. Another disadvantage with using the traditional procurement method is that as the design and construction are done at separate stages which means that any issues that arise in the construction stage can be very difficult and costly to fix. If financial issues do arise the contract does have can adjust the costs. Traditional Method with Two Stage Tendering The traditional procurement method with two stage tendering, is a slightly different process to single stage tendering. A Contractor is appointed on the basis of a first stage tender which determines the level of overhead and profit for each Contractor (designguidance.skillsfundingagency.bis.gov.uk). The Contractor works with the Project Team in the second stage and then develops the designs to determine costs for the work. This gets a fixed price for the designs. Pros Early appointment of the main contractor and a quicker start on site. Securing the involvement of a contractor on a competitive basis More client involvement in the appointment of subcontractors. Motivating the design and construction teams to reduce cost and increase value (all 4 above from www.building.co.uk). Cons This method requires a second stage period in which to design and tender the different work which lengthens time before construction can start on site. Increases the risks of an increase in price and a less clarification on completion date (Procuement.PDF). Design and Build The design and build process is again a very commonly used method of procurement. The Client appoints a building contractor. As with traditional methods, cost for the project is agreed and set with contracts. The Contractor is responsible for design and construction. The Contractor can be chosen through a tender process. The client can appoint a consultant to oversee the works. (designguidance.skillsfundingagency.bis.gov.uk) Pros Design and build is a much quicker process than the traditional method. Main contractor is responsible for the design and the construction of the project which means better flow between both processes. Costs are certain as with traditional which means easier gathering of funds from the bank. Almost 70% of traditional contracts end up over budget, compared to DB which is only around 25-30% over budget (wiki.answers.com) Cons Could cost more as bidders and can increase the price as they are tied into both the design and build stages. The contractor has no incentive to save money as they will always end up with a percentage. Some bidders will leave things out looking for expensive changes. Construction Management Construction Management is a fast track strategy this means a reduction in project time by overlapping the project design and construction phases. The provider will appoint a Construction Manager to manage the overall for a fee. Also the project has early involvement from the contractor. In this process the contracts for the sub-contractors are placed directly between the client and the sub-contractor. Construction management also has a high level of client involvement in both phases of work. Final costs unlike traditional and design and build are not known until after the project work has finished (designguidance.skillsfundingagency.bis.gov.uk). Pros Quick method to use as design and build stages overlap Early involvement from contractor which benefits the client, getting early cost estimates (www.davislangdon.com). Design can be changed during the build process far easier than with traditional methods. Cons Final costs are unknown until work has finished. Construction manager has no direct contract with the trade contractors (www.worldservicesgroup.com). Difficult to control cost increases (www.worldservicesgroup.com). Public Private Partnerships (PPP), Private Finance Initiative (PFI) Public Private Partnerships (PPP), particularly Private Finance Initiatives (PFI) projects are were a project is designed built and paid for by a business who appoints a contractor; it is then leased back to the client usually over a 30 year period. This tendering process in this procurement route is expensive and requires negotiation rather than competitive tendering. (designguidance.skillsfundingagency.bis.gov.uk) Pros The Risks of the project lye with private sector rather than the client. Method involves specialist private sector construction knowledge (www.worldservicesgroup.com). Cons In comparison with other procurement methods it takes a lot longer for work to start on site. Loss of control in the construction trade by the public sector. Can be hard to show value for money (www.worldservicesgroup.com). Confusion over what happens at the end of the buildings lease also brings up issues. Management Contracting Management contracting is also a fast track strategy which overlaps the design and construction stages and allows the project construction to start before the design is fully completed. The Management Contractor is appointed early in the design (designguidance.skillsfundingagency.bis.gov.uk). However like PFI and PPP final costs cannot be determined until the build is finished as adaptations to the design can increase cost. Pros Management Contractor has early involvement and manages works contractors (www.worldservicesgroup.com) One management structure which means the project can run more smoothly Cons No responsibility for design and construction. Management Contractor only responsible for workmanship to the extent that works contractor is responsible /able to pay (www.worldservicesgroup.com). Decision Matrix Criteria S= Score WS= Weighted Score Weighting Traditional Method. Traditional Method With 2 Stage. Design and Build. Construction Management. PFI, PPP. Management Contracting. S WS S WS S WS S WS S WS S WS A). Early contractor input into the design process. 6 2 12 2 12 5 30 6 36 6 36 6 36 B). Early start and finish or shortest total procurement time. 5 3 15 1 5 6 30 5 25 1 5 4 20 C). The building is highly specialised and technologically advanced. 4 6 24 6 24 4 16 4 16 5 20 4 16 D). A high quality of finish is important. 3 5 15 5 15 3 9 1 3 2 6 4 12 E). Project sponsor to retain design team control. 2 4 8 4 8 6 12 5 10 4 8 3 6 F). Flexibility to make changes once the work has begun. 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 5 5 4 4 5 5 Total Weighted Score 75 65 100 95 79 95 Recommendation of the Most Suitable Client-Financed Procurement Option The recommended procurement type for the John Hopkins Private Hospital in the Northeast is design and build. This is for many reasons. Firstly on the decision matrix the order of priority which has been specified by the client, design and build arrives at the highest score of 100. Design and build also rates highly on the top 3 most important factors in the decision matrix. A key aspect in the design brief is the fact the hospital must be high spec containing high tech equipment to make the John Hopkins Private Hospital a European centre of excellence. Design and build performs well to create a high spec building as there is no incentive by the contractor to save money which may be considered a disadvantage in some cases but not in this instance. Also in the budget sense unlike construction management, PFI and management contracting, the precise costs are known from the outset of the project once the design has been finished and before the construction begins and unlike the traditional methods, the majority of design and build projects finish on budget. Another important factor specified was early input from the contractor. Design and build performs well here too, as the contractor is appointed early and also as an added bonus runs both the design and build stages of the project which means smoother running and less likelihood of mistakes in both the design and construction stages of the project. However unlike construction management, PFI and management contracting, design and build does not perform as well as it is more difficult to alter the design once construction has started, yet this is not particularly high on the agenda for the project. Finally design and build projects on whole do have an early start and finish time which is high up on the criteria. This is because as the contractor is selected early and runs both the design and construction stages the project runs smoother and therefore faster yet maintains quality.

Symbolic Imagery in Langston Hughes Poems, The Negro Speaks of Rivers

Symbolic Imagery in Langston Hughes' Poems, The Negro Speaks of Rivers and Mother To Son Langston Hughes uses symbolism throughout his poetry. In the poems 'The Negro Speaks of Rivers' and 'Mother To Son', Langston Hughes uses symbolism to convey his meaning of the poems to the readers. Readers may make many interpretations about the symbols used throughout these poems. Throughout the poem 'The Negro Speaks of Rivers' Hughes uses metaphorical statements to suggest to the reader what the soul of the African American has been through. The symbols of the old rivers, from which the African American ideal has risen, can be interpreted in many different ways. They can represent the birth and growth of the African American culture, and some of the most significant moments of their past. The symbolism in 'Mother To Son' is used to portray a life of struggle that African Americans must strive to conquer. The words written in this poem represent the pride and knowledge of a group of outstanding people. Reader response varies widely due to the use of symbolism in Langston Hughes works. Throughout the poem 'The Negro Speaks of Rivers' Hughes uses the word 'I' (4). Some people interpret this word not merely as one man but instead the embodiment of the African American culture. In the poem Hughes says 'I've known rivers' (1) this may be interpreted to mean that the African People have seen those times that are represented by the rivers and flourished because of them. This poem can be interpreted to mean that the African Americans accomplishments and history is being shown by the rivers. Hughes is saying that the culture of these people has ?grown deep like the rivers? (3). It has become a plethora of ... ...n his poetry. Hughes creates many responses to these poems through the use of symbolism, which he may otherwise not have been able to do. Works Cited Dove, Rita, and Marilyn Nelson. ?Langston Hughes and Harlem.? Literature An Introduction To Fiction, Poetry, And Drama. Eds. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia 3rd ed. New York: Longman, 2003. 770 Hughes, Langston. ?The Negro Speaks of Rivers.? Literature An Introduction To Fiction, Poetry, And Drama. Eds. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia 3rd ed. New York: Longman, 2003. 759 Hughes, Langston. ?Mother To Son.? Literature An Introduction To Fiction, Poetry, And Drama. Eds. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia 3rd ed. New York: Longman, 2003. 759 Pinckney, Darryl. ?Black Identity In Langston Hughes.? Literature An Introduction To Fiction, Poetry, And Drama. Eds. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia 3rd ed. New York: Longman, 2003. 772

Does Advertising Affect Effect Our Food Choices

With 11 herbs and spices, it’s finger licking good. Good evening ladies and gentlemen. â€Å"There is no love sincerer than the love for food. † Said Sir George Bernard Shaw. Advertisers buy our love of food with big, flashy, bright adverts. For years, advertising has influenced us. We see them everywhere, on TV, the newspaper, billboards and on the web. Many scientific studies have shown that advertising influences the food we choose.Did you know that the average American child watches 20 000 food adverts a year, 9 out of ten are for fatty high sugar containing foods. The obesity epidemic is related to the rise in advertising. We are digging our graves with our very own forks and knives. Billions of dollars are spent each year on advertising, so that business can get their food onto your plate. This is very profitable. McDonalds spends about 2 billion dollars each year, advertising. Therefore, they control 64% of the United States hamburger market. % of the worldâ€⠄¢s population eats McDonalds every day. Mmm and they are loving it. Like most parents you’re sitting there, feeling completely helpless, knowing how much your precious darlings love the advertised fast foods. You rationalize that this is fresh food, prepared under 5 minutes and miraculously served at room temperature, how convenient is that? You silently wish that you did not know that it is made up of ingredients with more preservatives than an Egyptian mummy.This is the moment of truth. Researchers have shown that if nutritious foods are advertised, people are more likely to choose healthy foods. You have the power to demand responsible advertising. Like Barack Obama once said: It is time to change the way we do business. This will demand new thinking, and a new sense of responsibility. You can protect our future generations. So if music be the food of love , play on!!!

A Perky Way to Productivity

A Perky Way to Productivity 1.One of the key responsibilities of human resource management in any organization is to keep the employees happy and contended. Most employees are never always motivated by the paychecks but rather by the perks awarded alongside the paychecks. Acceptance and appreciation greatly boost the employee morale. This in return leads to reduced turnover rates as well as cutting down hiring costs. Thus, giving perks to employees will also help to create employee security.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on A Perky Way to Productivity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, an employee will not perform to perfection if he or she is continuously distracted by concerns of child care, medical responsibilities, and entertainment needs, among other domestic responsibilities. Any effort in line with providing solutions to these concerns will not only relieve the employees of their worries but make it look like they are wel l taken care of. This will help keep the employees committed to their duties and responsibilities. The end result will be reduced chances of employees seeking appointments elsewhere even if the current appointment could be earning less. Giving employees perks as incentives alongside their salary will increase employee confidence and loyalty to the organization, boost the working morale and create a mutually interactive and friendly working environment for the employees. This will result in better performance of the organization towards its objective achievement. 2. Genentech and Zappos are two examples of companies using employee perks as motivating tools for their employees. Genentech Company has gone an extra mile in its concern for employee treatments. Retirement and health care allowances are considered ordinary traditional benefits that are given by any sensible company to its employees. Genentech has done something extraordinary in order to stand out in terms of employee treat ment by offering childcare during the day, free snacks, pet insurance, mothers nursing services and flexible scheduling among others. These are exceptional perks that are not offered by other companies. Thus, most employees of Genentech will resist the urge to seek employment elsewhere lest they forego these extraordinary perks. On the other hand, Zappos has invested greatly in employee bonding, fostering a team building culture and interactive atmosphere amongst its employees. It offers more lucrative social welfare perks including; pajama parties, regular happy hours and nap rooms to its fun loving employees to ensure an always jovial and happy employee fraternity. Therefore, it becomes virtually hard for an employee to ditch such perks for another company offering hefty paychecks but without such allowances. In a harsh economy that pauses huge and competitive expenses in hiring employees, the two companies have successfully won their employees’ trust and in the process ret aining them, hence resulting in lower turnover rates as well as controlled wage bills.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 3. The two cases of employee treatment depicted by Genentech and Zappos can be adopted by any other company that seeks to lower its turnover rates without necessarily offering hefty paychecks to its employees. An organization that has successfully retained its quality employees finds it easy to attain its organizational goals. The only way to do this as practiced by most companies, is by upwardly revising the employees’ paychecks. Genentech and Zappos offer alternative approaches that will see companies retain their quality employees and still survive the harsh economies. The incentives offered by the two companies to their employees, are spread equally across the whole employee fraternity without discrimination. This is cheaper for the company in the long run as compared to scenarios where each individual employee would have their paycheck increased. Hence, such incentives can still be used by other companies to boost their employee morale.

Free Essays on Alzheimer Disease

Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia is a brain disorder that seriously affects a person’s ability to carry out daily activities. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among older people. It involves the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language. Every day scientists learn more, but right now the causes of AD are still unknown, and there is no cure. Scientists think that up to 4 million Americans suffer from AD. The disease usually begins after age 60, and risk goes up with age. While younger people also may get AD, it is much less common. About 3 percent of men and women ages 65 to 74 have AD, and nearly half of those age 85 and older may have the disease. It is important to note, however, that AD is not a normal part of aging. AD is named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer, a German doctor. In 1906, Dr. Alzheimer noticed changes in the brain tissue of a woman who had died of an unusual mental illness. He found abnormal clumps, now called amyloid plaques, and tangled bundles of fibers now called neurofibrillary tangles. Today, these plaques and tangles in the brain are considered hallmarks of AD. Scientists also have found other brain changes in people with AD. There is a loss of nerve cells in areas of the brain that are vital to memory and other mental abilities. There also are lower levels of chemicals in the brain that carry complex messages back and forth between nerve cells. AD may disrupt normal thinking and memory by blocking these messages between brain cells. There probably is not one single cause of Alzheimer’s, but several factors that affect each person differently. Age is the most important known risk factor for AD. The number of people with the disease doubles every 5 years beyond age 65. Family history is another risk factor. Scientists believe that genetics may play a role in many AD cases. For example, familial AD, a rare form of AD that usually occurs between the ages of 30... Free Essays on Alzheimer' Disease Free Essays on Alzheimer' Disease Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia is a brain disorder that seriously affects a person’s ability to carry out daily activities. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among older people. It involves the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language. Every day scientists learn more, but right now the causes of AD are still unknown, and there is no cure. Scientists think that up to 4 million Americans suffer from AD. The disease usually begins after age 60, and risk goes up with age. While younger people also may get AD, it is much less common. About 3 percent of men and women ages 65 to 74 have AD, and nearly half of those age 85 and older may have the disease. It is important to note, however, that AD is not a normal part of aging. AD is named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer, a German doctor. In 1906, Dr. Alzheimer noticed changes in the brain tissue of a woman who had died of an unusual mental illness. He found abnormal clumps, now called amyloid plaques, and tangled bundles of fibers now called neurofibrillary tangles. Today, these plaques and tangles in the brain are considered hallmarks of AD. Scientists also have found other brain changes in people with AD. There is a loss of nerve cells in areas of the brain that are vital to memory and other mental abilities. There also are lower levels of chemicals in the brain that carry complex messages back and forth between nerve cells. AD may disrupt normal thinking and memory by blocking these messages between brain cells. There probably is not one single cause of Alzheimer’s, but several factors that affect each person differently. Age is the most important known risk factor for AD. The number of people with the disease doubles every 5 years beyond age 65. Family history is another risk factor. Scientists believe that genetics may play a role in many AD cases. For example, familial AD, a rare form of AD that usually occurs between the ages of 30...

Nestle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Nestle - Essay Example most appropriate growth strategy to pursue will be determined by arriving at decisions about whether to sell old or new products in old or new markets. (Ansoff, 1957). Nestle’s growth strategy falls under the category of concentric diversification, wherein a Company produces new products that are closely related to its current products, but introduces them into a new market (Ansoff, 1957). This has been Nestle’s strategy in countries such as infant formula, tofu and noodles which are basic food stuffs but are tailored to meet the needs of the new market, for example in India, the Company also sells pickles to appeal to the housewife market. Nestle’s financial strength and ability to weather the recession may be closely linked to its diversification strategy. Since it has such a broad based approach, any potential issues that it is likely to face are marginal. The efficacy of this strategy is also borne out through the application of the Shareholder Value Analysis, developed by Rapoport (1986). Rapoport identified three specific value drivers, namely Finance, Investment and Business, all three of which if improved, could lead to a direct increase in shareholder value. In general, shareholders in a Company are rewarded in two different ways: (a) dividends paid and (b) capital appreciation, which depends upon the kinds of investments that the Company undertakes. The total shareholder return for a specific year can be calculated using the formula: TSR = Dividends + Capital Appreciation (Pike and Neals, 2006). From an examination of Nestle’s balance sheets for financial records in the European region, it may be noted that the net dividend yield percentages have increased as follows: 2006 – 2.4%, 2007- 2.8% and 2008 – 3.1% (NestleSA, 2008). The last share price in 2006 was 42.85, in 2007 it was 48.05 and in 2008, it was 45.56.(www.nestle.com). The total shareholder value for each year may therefore be calculated as follows: This result from the

Look at Ginsberg's Howl. How would you characterize the world that Essay

Look at Ginsberg's Howl. How would you characterize the world that Ginsberg describes Is he being accurate or is he using hyp - Essay Example The characters he mentions are called â€Å"angelheaded hipsters† (Part 1 Section 3) which makes me think of films about flower power and Woodstock. Many of the incidents he mentions such as being â€Å"expelled from academies† (Part 1 Section 7) or going â€Å"whoring through Colorado in myriad stolen night-cars† may well refer to actual incidents which occurred. I found the details of drug use and car stealing quite shocking. The structure of the first section of the poem in a long single sentence means that the reader experiences it all as a rushed and jumbled stream of consciousness. Piling one image upon another makes it into hyperbole. In the second section the repetition of the name â€Å"Moloch† gives the catalogue of â€Å"visions! omens! hallucinations! miracles! â€Å"ecstacies!† a sinister connotation, suggesting that some evil god is influencing American society for the worst. This is a Judeo-Christian concept, and it contrasts with ot her multi-cultural references such as â€Å"negro streets at dawn† (Part I, Section 2), â€Å"Mohammedan angels† (Part 1, Section 5), â€Å"the Chinaman of Oklahoma† (Part 1 Section 28). Section three was a very sad lament for Carl Solomon where the poet leaves aside all the flourishes and just repeats his solidarity. This part was quite moving. References Ginsberg, A. (1955) â€Å"Howl†. [Poem] Available online at: http://www.wussu.com/poems/agh.htm

Health Benefits of Alcohol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Benefits of Alcohol - Essay Example Planning is very crucial for any efficient writing. Effective writing requires adopting risks. Most importantly, an eloquent piece of write displays efficiency in instructional and creative writing. This helps balance the quantity and quality of the writing. An effective author should be able to formulate personal ideas, show flexibility, audacity, and concern for the readers (Tepper 1). Thesis Statement The paper explains in depth of the risks taken by an author while composing the article. Moreover, the paper critically argues to provide an effective summary of article in respect to the use of language and management of risks while writing. Analysis of Article Writers take risks as a way of captivating readers, making their articles more thrilling and more so enhancing the effectiveness of the writing. Risks taken in writing make an article attention grabbing and pleasing to any reader. When an author engages in risk taking while writing an article, he/she explores a new world of d iscoveries, adventure, and opportunities that broaden the author’s potential in making learning a reality. The most important type of risk taken by an author is avoiding the sense of safety. Although not a preferred component in writing, safety is vital while writing. In relation to the article, the author takes the risk of revealing the beneficiaries of alcohol consumption in human life where most of the people know the evil aspects of the same. A writer can chose a highly controversial subject or topic to discuss. This evidences a risk taken by the author. Writing on contentious subject can hoist considerable risks in terms of arguments from the readers about the writer’s opinion or oversight about the article. According to the article, the author risks in writing about a highly debatable topic. Consequently, he goes ahead and dares his viewpoint on the beneficial impact of alcohol to people. Prejudice is another aspect of writing that generates risks. Any article mu st demonstrate both optimistic as well as pessimistic aspects of a chosen issue or subject in order to avoid any misperception or chauvinism. In the article, the author describes both complimentary and inauspicious aspects of alcohol intake. He further describes of the unconventional approaches aimed at improving the people’s standards of living. An outstanding article never comes to a stand on the subject it discusses. It portrays both the good and bad aspects for of the topic for the reader to make the ultimate judgment upon reading the article. Most evidently, in the article, the author does not provide any ruling but on the contrary delivers impartial standpoint about the merits and demerits of alcohol consumption. Arguably, there has been a significant change in language use both in written form and oral use since the 19th century. As new social classes emerge in the 21st century, the desire to utilize written materials and writing materials increases which ultimately le ads to an increased demand of both written and writing material. Any given culture has different societal layers that relate with the several language norms. The three most important of these language norms include the local, standard, and regional language. To present a controversial topic and draw the attention of readers, writers concentrate mainly on standard language (Schallert and Klelman 4). This language would closely to justify debatable topics. However, it calls for personal opinions and facts with evidence to

Pizza Hut Essay Example for Free

Pizza Hut Essay Chiken wings, Spicy wedges, BBQ chiken spin Rolls, Cheese Stuffer, Flaming Wings, Garlic Bread, Garlic Bread Supreme, Garlic Mushrooms, Potato Skins, Behari Chiken Spin Rolls, Pizza Hut platter1, Pizza Hut platter2 . | 2. | Soup Salads:| Sweet Corn and Chicken Soup, Mexican Tomato Bean Soup, Salad Bar. | 3. | Pastas:| Lasagna Florentine, Fettuccine Alfredo, Spaghetti Bolognaise, Creamy Tomato Penne. | 4. | Sandwiches:| Philly Steak Sandwich, Tuna Melt Sandwich , Mexican Chicken Sandwich. | 5. | Pizzas:| Base(PAN pizza, thin’ncrispy Pizza, Stuffed Crust Pizza, Seekh Kebab stuffed Crust Pizza). Supreme(Chicken Supreme, Super Supreme). Chicken Feast(Chicken Tikka, Chicken Fajita, The Euro, Fajita Sicilian, Afghani Tikka). Local Delight(Behari Chicken Pizza, Shawarma Pizza). Beely Treats(Meat Lovers, Hot and Spicy). Classic Pizza(Cheese Lovers, Veggie Lovers). D. L. Y Pizza(Margherita With Toppings(Veggies, Meats, Extra Cheese)). Splitzza(Split the topping and double the taste). | 6. | Desserts:| Starwberry Cheesecake, Ice Cream, Triple Treat, Lemon Cheesecake, Brownie a la Mode, Chocolate Cheesecake, Chocolicious Brownie, Size Does Matter. | 7. | Beverages:| Soft Drink, Fresh Lime, Mineral Water, Orange Juice, Cappuccino, Hot Tea, Coffee. | | | | DEALS | | Serves1| 1 Personal Pan Pizza and a serving of Pepsi. | | Serves2| 1 Regular Pizza, 2 pcs. Garlic Bread Supreme, 1 Salad and 2 servings of Pepsi. | | Serves3| 2 Regular Pizzas, 4 pcs. Garlic Bread Supreme, 1 Salad and 1. 5 ltr. Pepsi. | | Serves4| 1 Large Pizza, 1 Regular Pizza and 1. 5 ltr. Pepsi. | | Serves5| 2 Large Pizzas, 6 pcs. Garlic Bread Supreme, 1 Salad and 1. 5 ltr. Pepsi| | Serves6| 2 Large Panormous Pizzas and 1. 5 ltr. Pepsi. | | Serves1| 1 Personal Pan Pizza and a serving of Pepsi. | | Serves2| 1 Regular Pizza and 2 servings of Pepsi. | | Serves3| 1 Large Pizza and a Pitcher of Pepsi. | | Serves4| 1 Panormous Pizza and a Pitcher of Pepsi. | | | *MIDNIGHT FIESTA: Valid from 12:00 am onwards. Valid for Dine In , Delivery and Take Away. | | Serves1| 1 Personal Pan Pizza, 1 serving of Pepsi and 1 Surprise Gift. | | Serves2| Potato Wedges, 1 serving of Pepsi, 1 Surprise Gift and 1 serving of Ice Cream. |

Baldwins view of Nation of Islam in Down on the Cross Essay -- James

Superficial Power The Nation of Islam emerged as a very powerful organization during the 1960s. One of the Nation?s key goals was to create an independent Black America. It further preached about the White man as the devil, thus instilling faith within its followers that White society will be decimated, and Black society will prevail. Through these powerful messages, the Nation of Islam gave African-Americans a claim to divinity and created the notion of Black supremacy. However, in attempting to cement these ideas, the Nation of Islam?s message became extreme to the point of absurdity. While James Baldwin expounds on this irrationality in ?Down at the Cross?, he also understands and agrees with the underlying motivation behind the Nation?s absurd claims. According to the FBI files on the Nation of Islam, one of its principles was to ?separate the black man from the devil through the establishment of a black nation? (FBI). Many publications propounded on this philosophy. For example, Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the Nation of Islam, wrote in Message to the Blackman in America, ?it is far more important to teach separation of the Blacks and Whites in America than prayer? (Book Summary). According to Elijah Muhammad, integration and intermarriage between Blacks and Whites are an attempt by Whites to confuse Blacks, keep them enslaved, and prevent them from learning Nation of Islam's teachings. Furthermore, Blacks who assimilate into mainstream culture were regarded by the Nation of Islam as ?disgraceful Uncle Toms? (FBI) who simply seek to please their ?slave-masters? children? (FBI). Granted, these statements are coming from FBI files which clearly did not support the NOI movement, but the message that the Nat... ...s to nothing less than the perpetual achievement of the impossible? (346). Thus creating a new foundation for Black society, upon which hatred for other races will be justified, does nothing but stunt its ability to achieve its rightful spot in western society. Works Cited Baldwin, James. ?Notes of a Native Son.? 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84. Book Summary ? Message to the Black Man in America. 8 March 2004. http://home.att.net/~phosphor/week1a/message.html Clark, Micheal. "Rise in Racial Extremism Worries Harlem Leaders." New York Times 25 Jan. 1960: 1+. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Elijah Muhammad. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 8 March 2004. http://foia.fbi.gov/muhammad.htm Fineman, Howard and Vern E. Smith. ?An Angry ?Charmer??. Newsweek. 30 Oct 1995: 35.

To Kill A Mockingbird: Scene Analysis :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An important scene found in the movie To Kill A Mockingbird is a scene concerning Mr. Tate recoiling upon the outcaste, Boo Radley, and unraveling a new perception of friendship. Atticus Finch (played by Gregory Peck), his daughter Jean-Louise Finch, also known as Scout (played by Mary Badham), and Boo Radley (played by Robert Duvall) all play an important role in the scene. As scout relates what had happened, she notices a man in the corner of the bedroom behind the door. She identifies the mysterious man as the one who grabbed Mr. Ewell and carried Jem home when she says, â€Å"Why, there he is Mr. Tate. He can tell you his name . . .† The sheriff, Mr. Tate, moves the bedroom door revealing in the light a frightened, gentle, and pale Boo Radley. And as he conveys a loving look, Scout gazes at him and smiles. In the meanwhile, Atticus had already introduced Scout to Boo. Then, Scout and Boo hold hands and walk over to the side of Jem’s bed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The challenge of taking a novel and translating it into film falls into the work of the screenwriter. The Academy Award winning screenplay was faithfully adapted by screenwriter Horton Foote from the 1960 novel of the same name, To Kill A Mockingbird. For the most part, Foote utilizes Harper Lee’s words. There is, however, one noticeable formality seen in the movie and not in the book. This formality takes place when Boo appears and Atticus states, â€Å"Miss Jean-Louise . . .† Her name does not appear this way in the book but does in the movie in order to exert a certain idealistic fervor of the Finch household that belongs in every household that adults should be respectful and well-spoken.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A screenplay is entirely useless unless if there are actors to bring it to life. When Mary Badham leans against the bedpost and wraps her hands around it, she is implying that, at least at first, there is reason for Scout to fear Boo. But then Mary Badham puts her hand out towards Boo effectively inviting him back into society. And when the young six-year-old actress smiles, Robert Duvall (playing Boo) immediately enters a relaxed state which demonstrates the character’s affection and trust of children. During this time, Atticus (played by Gregory Peck) pulls out a handkerchief as a sign of nervousness, and also to imply that men feel very uncomfortable during emotional situations.

Assessing Reliability and Credibility of Cam

Assessing Reliability and Credibility of CAM Research is an important part of finding the appropriate CAM therapy that will help the patient’s symptoms. The information that is obtained during research could be full of opinions and not facts. Since we want factual information instead of opinions it is important that we are sure the information we are looking at is a reliable and credible source. Criteria for Reliability and Credibility CAM therapies are being used more today than in years past. The use of CAM has become helpful for many patients to elevate symptoms of their ailment. When studying which CAM therapy is right for the symptoms that are presented we need to be sure that the source of information is reliable and credible. There are several things we can ask ourselves to ensure the information we are using is reliable and credible. These criteria should be considered: 1)Does the source provide (Harris, Robert, June 15, 2007): a. Author’s name b. Author’s title and position c. Author’s organizational affiliation d. Date of the document 2)The documentation provides the information we are looking for (Harris, Robert. June 15, 2007): a. Facts b. Opinions c. Arguments d. Statistics e. Narratives f. Descriptions 3)Has there been cited information within the document that we are reviewing (Montecino, Virginia, August 1998). 4)What type of website is the information provided on (Montecino, Virginia, August 1998): a. A personal page b. Special interest site c. Professional site d. News or journalistic site e. Commercial site 5)Does the website contain information that is (Harris, Robert, June 15, 2007): a. Fair b. Objective c. Quality information . Lacking hidden motives Website for Review The website that I am going to use for review is a website regarding fish oil: http://healthlibrary. epnet. com/GetContent. aspx? token=e0498803-7f62-4563-8d47-5fe33da65dd4&chunkiid=21684#P3. The website homepage is from http://www. iherb. com/default. aspx?. The homepage offers information on herbs, supplements, conditions, drug interactions, homeopathy, and it has a medical library that you can look up all kinds of information. Consumer’s Attitudes and Beliefs about CAM Consumers are skeptical of using CAM therapies to heal the symptoms that are present or to help prevent symptoms of different diseases from appearing in their health. For some consumer’s their religious beliefs or beliefs they have been raised with do not support the use of CAM therapies. Cases where a consumer’s beliefs do not support the use of CAM the consumer would not even consider the possibility of using CAM therapies. Consumers have set opinions and attitudes about different things within their lives. For some they hold these opinions and attitudes to a stern heart and cannot be persuaded to change for any reason. Consumer’s that are set in their opinion and attitude often will not even consider change even with facts in front of them that the change can be a good change. Conclusion about Website For the purpose of this paper I have focused my research on fish oil. The webpage on fish oil has been reviewed by EBSCO CAM Medical Review Board in April 2009. The author of the source is not revealed; with the webpage being reviewed by the EBSCO CAM Medical Review Board it can be considered a reliable and credible source. If the information provided on this webpage is not correct information the Medical Review Board would not support the information. According to the website the page was last updated April 1, 2009, therefore the information is a year old and not extremely outdated. The webpage provides factual information and discusses studies that have been done on fish oil. The beginning of the webpage gives alternative names for fish oil, which can be helpful to the consumer when being sure they are not allergic to another name of fish oil. The webpage has 271 references where the information has been gathered for the purpose of this webpage. Throughout the webpage it allows the person reviewing the information to click on different terms for a further explanation of the term that has been used. The webpage allows the researcher to see and click on different proposed uses of fish oil to review. The information on other proposed uses is useful when looking at other possible symptoms of diseases that the consumer may have, in some cases the use of fish oil could help the consumer with more than one ailment. Through the review of this webpage I would consider it a reliable and credible source of information. Increase Credibility The website I have reviewed on fish oil seems to be a credible website. The information is full of factual information along with studies that have been conducted regarding the use of fish oil. The website even has a disclaimer regarding the use of fish oil, which many websites that discuss different CAM treatments does not include. The website could contain testimonials from consumers that have already used fish oil for the different aliments it helps. The testimonials could give consumers first hand information from consumers that have already used fish oil for the symptoms that the consumer doing the research is trying to elevate. I do not know of any other way that the site could increase the credibility any more than it already has contained within the website. Conclusion CAM can help consumer’s improve symptoms they may be experiencing and in some cases help to prevent a disease by the use of different CAM therapies. Consumer’s read information about different CAM therapies but the consumer needs to be sure that the information they are reading is from a reliable and credible source. Information obtained on the internet can be placed on the internet and contain nothing but opinions. Ensuring that the information is factual and reliable is something a consumer should consider before using any type of CAM therapy. Following the criteria discussed within this paper can help consumers be sure that the information they have found and are considering is credible and reliable, and most of all information that can be used when making decisions on their health. References Harris, Robert. (June 15, 2007). Evaluating Internet Research Sources. Retrieved April 24, 2010 from: http://www. virtualsalt. com/evalu8it. htm iHerb. com. (2010). Fish Oil. Retrieved April 25, 2010 from: http://healthlibrary. epnet. com/GetContent. aspx? token=e0498803-7f62-4563-8d47-5fe33da65dd4&chunkiid=21684#P3 Montecino, Virginia. (August 1998). Criteria to Evaluate the Credibility of WWW Resources. Retrieved April 25, 2010 from: http://mason. gmu. edu/~montecin/web-eval-sites. htm

The concept of co

The concept of co Introduction The field of strategic management has been exposed to many new challenges that are often unexpected in the recent past. And, these unexpected challenges stem from organizational strategic action as well as strategic thinking, which are coupled with the changing dynamics of business environment.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The concept of co-opetition as a strategic method specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, it is important to not only adapt new interpretive strategies such as co-opetition, but also to integrate them into the existing theoretical perspective. The concept of co-opetition has been coined from two words that include competition as well as cooperation, which are essential in studying inter-firm dynamics (Brandenburger Nalebuff, 1996, p.19). Co-opetition as a strategic method This concept is used in strategic management of different players that include the organization and ot her stakeholders such as suppliers, customers, complementors, and competitors. Essentially, coopetition defines both horizontal and vertical interdependence of a firm (Contractor Lorange, 1988, p.26). Focusing on horizontal interdependence, a firm can make supernormal profits when it gains advantage over its competitors in an entire industry by mobilizing resources, using them competently to produce more superior products than those of their business rivals. Therefore, co-opetition is strategically used by firms for value-creation that results into supernormal profits (Drucker, 1954, p.47). Moreover, in vertical interdependence, a firm can strategically employ co-opetition to achieve value appropriation, which is linked to economic exchange. Under this concept, economic values created by firms are carefully shared among the stakeholders, following the allocative efficiency principle. The concept of co-opetition strategy employed in vertical interdependence can be used to enhance va lue-appropriation of economic returns (Kenworthy, 1995, p. 34). Co-opetition enhances strategic interdependence, especially in value creation and cooperation among firms. Importantly, firms employ co-opetition as a strategic tool for evaluating economic benefits and competitive gains derived from cooperative approach (Axelrod, 1984, p.53). Discussion and Conclusion Co-opetition combines both the elements of cooperation and competition, which make it possible for businesses to achieve value creation. Therefore, co-opetitive value creation contributes immensely to strategic management of organizations because co-opetitive strategy plays a crucial role in strategic interdependence among business networks.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The concept of co-opetition as a strategic management approach does not only facilitate value creation, but also enhances value sharing that is often witnessed in the variable-positive-sum game strategy. In addition, co-opetition encourages value appropriation, promotes value creation and facilitates entrepreneurial spirit among organizations. In fact, co-opetition is more of a voice-based strategy, which is contrary to the one that is exit-based (Hirschman, 1970, p.57). For instance, exit based models can be witnessed in arms length procurement processes that are often characterized by limited communication among businesses and their suppliers, thus barring easy transfer of information. On the other hand, the voice-based procurement model is witnessed in the Japanese procurement strategy that emphasizes on the most effective transfer of information about procedures to be followed by all the persons who are involved in the chain of supply (Kenney Florida, 1993, p.29). And, the voice-based procurement strategy emphasizes that transfer of information must be made in a timely manner. This strategy is important in the sense that there are both long term and stable relationships, which motivate suppliers to improve on their productivity. For example, Japanese auto-manufacturers have taken a strong lead against their competitors over the years owing to their good supplier relationships that have significantly contributed to their superiority (Porter, 1985, p.63). In summary, the concept of co-opetition is not only important in creating economic value, but also in facilitating knowledge creation that is of sound importance in strategic business management. Besides, co-opetition as a strategic method adds more value to firms than they can gain through the traditional competitive models. References Axelrod, R. (1984). The evolution of cooperation. New York, NY: Basic Books. Brandenburger, A.M. Nalebuff, B.J. (1996). Co-opetition. New York, NY: Doubleday. Contractor, F.J. Lorange, P. (1988). Cooperative strategies in international business. Boston: Lexington Books.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The concept of co-opetition as a strategic method specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Drucker, P.F. (1954). The Practice of Management. New York, NY: Harper Row. Hirschman, A. (1970). Exit, voice and loyalty: Responses to decline in firms, organizations and states. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Kenney, M. Florida, R. (1993). Beyond mass production: The Japanese System and its transfer to the U.S. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Kenworthy, L. (1995). In search of national economic success: Balancing competition and cooperation. Sage: Thousand Oaks (CA). Porter, M.E. (1985). Competitive Advantage. New York, NY: Free Press.

Profile of Hannibal, Romes Greatest Enemy

Profile of Hannibal, Romes Greatest Enemy Hannibal (or Hannibal Barca) was the leader of the military forces of Carthage that fought against Rome in the Second Punic War. Hannibal, who almost overpowered Rome, was considered Romes greatest enemy. Birth and Death Dates Its  unknown, but Hannibal was thought to have been born in 247 BCE and died 183 BCE. Hannibal did not die when he lost the war with Rome years later, he committed suicide by ingesting poison. He was at Bithynia, at the time, and in danger of being extradited to Rome. [39.51]....Finally [Hannibal] called for the poison which he had long kept in readiness for such an emergency. Let us, he said, relieve the Romans from the anxiety they have so long experienced, since they think it tries their patience too much to wait for an old mans death....Livy Main Victories of Hannibal Against Rome Hannibals first military success, in Saguntum, in Spain, precipitated the Second Punic War. During this war, Hannibal led the forces of Carthage across the Alps with elephants and achieved surprising military victories. However, when Hannibal lost at the Battle of Zama, in 202, Carthage had to make heavy concessions to the Romans. Fleeing North Africa for Asia Minor Sometime after the end of the Second Punic War, Hannibal left North Africa for​ Asia Minor. There he helped Antiochus III of Syria fight Rome, unsuccessfully, at the Battle of Magnesia in 190 B.C. Peace terms included surrendering Hannibal, but Hannibal fled to Bithynia. Hannibal Uses Snaky Catapults In the 184 BCE battle between King Eumenes II of Pergamon (r. 197-159 BCE) and King Prusias I of Bithynia in Asia Minor (c.228-182 BCE), Hannibal served as commander of the Bithynian fleet. Hannibal used catapults to hurl pots filled with poisonous snakes into the enemy ships. The Pergamese panicked and fled, allowing the Bithynians to win. Family and Background Hannibals full name was Hannibal Barca. Hannibal means joy  of Baal. Barca means lightning. Barca is also spelled Barcas, Barca, and Barak. Hannibal was a son of Hamilcar Barca (d.228 BCE), the military leader of Carthage during the First Punic War in which he was defeated in 241 BCE Hamilcar developed a base for Carthage in southern Spain, which helps explain the geography and transalpine adventure of the Second Punic War. When Hamilcar died, his son-in-law Hasdrubal took over, but when Hasdrubal died, 7 years later, in 221, the army-appointed Hannibal general of the forces of Carthage in Spain.​ Why Hannibal Was Considered Great Hannibal retained his reputation as a formidable opponent and great military leader even after Carthage lost the Punic Wars. Hannibal colors the popular imagination because of his treacherous trek with elephants across the Alps to face the Roman army. By the time the Carthaginian troops had finished the mountain crossing, he had about 50,000 troops and 6000 horsemen with which to face and defeat the Romans 200,000. Although Hannibal ultimately lost the war, he managed to survive in enemy land, winning battles for 15 years. Source The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare, by Philip A G Sabin; Hans van Wees; Michael Whitby; Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Tyler leBlanc Essays (713 words) - Abortion, Fertility, Free Essays

Tyler leBlanc Essays (713 words) - Abortion, Fertility, Free Essays Tyler leBlanc 11/1/2017 # 3 Song Analysis J cole's album "Cole World Sideline story" speaks on the real life situations the young artist is faced with while chasing his dreams to rap stardom. Cole's biggest hit on the album: "Lost Ones" speaks upon his own experience with unexpected pregnancy. This story is told in both male and female perspectives, which is a road less traveled in the male dominated rap industry. Abortion becomes the focused topic in this situation, as the male perspective suggests a way out from a difficult unprepared life of parenting. The female perspective responds with a strong argument denying the proposed suggestion. The two perspectives never come to a level of understanding, and ultimately the relationship is torn. The woman's perspective on the subject is what truly grabbed my attention towards this song. A man's decision is usually the only valued voice in these life altering predicaments. The fact that the woman showed such homed determination and strength in her decision to live by her mistakes, spoke volumes to me. This sense of a strong woman going against the grain is something that hit's a level of sensitivity within myself. My younger sister at the age of sixteen faced this same fate, and in the same mindset was determined to make the best for the life she would soon bring into the world. In the first six lines the artist uses the word "you" at the end of each sentence to emphasize the pressures that are forced upon the woman. The word "we" is used to indicate that the speaker is understanding the responsibilities in the pregnancy itself "Frankly i'm feeling like we ain't ready"/ "We still kids ourself": "How we gon raise a kid by ourself?"/"Where the hell we gon live?" The tone is then shifted:"where am I going to get this money." This indicates that not all the responsibility is shared. He see's revenue to be his responsibility, and uses the burden to be an excuse for abortion. In the next five lines the artist compares himself with dead beats who couldn't handle the pressures of having a child at a young age. This comparison also opens up his proposal for abortion. In the last two lines of the first verse the artist concludes by asking: "So girl we got to think about how the options way out, what's the way out?" In these lines the man also understands the c hoice to abort is not his. The Entire next verse is the woman's response (In an angered tone) to her male counterparts statement. There is no rhetorical strategy in her statement, her response is pure emotion. With zero pause the woman runs through all the reasons she's not having an abortion. Starting off with a rebuttal to the end of the last verse letting the male know it's her choice and no one else's: "This my body, nigga, you ain't finna force shit!" she then faults the male for putting her in this predicament: "Knowing all the right things to say, I let you hit it raw, motherfucka." in this statment she puts blame on him from the beginning. Next the female justifies her decision in not to having an abortion in moral standpoint: "Tryna take away a life- is you god mothafucka?!" shortly after, she states: "This new life here I'ma love it." As the question of money was the turning point for the male, the concern of love was the turning point for the female narrator. The final verse tackles a general male perspective, speaking directly at the male, insisting: "Man, if that bitch really pregnant, tell her to get a abortion But what about your seed, nigga?" This line acts as the conclusion and problem as a whole, taking on another tone. Referring to the woman as a "bitch", When he previously spoke upon the female as"baby girl."drastically changing the tone of the relationship to anger. His conscious then states "Man these hoes be trappin nigga's, playin with niggas emotions like they some action figure." ultimately portraying females in general as manipulative. This perspective represents the community's male's perspective of women an unexpected pregnancy.